- Heat transfer in engine exhaust manifolds is governed by three effects: conduction through the metal, convection from the hot exhaust gases, and radiative exchange between different parts of the metal surface.
- This example illustrates the computation of the equilibrium thermal state of a manifold subject to these effects.
- Nodal temperature field for the manifold can be seen in the results.
- The following model is solved using CalculiX solver.

Temperature Contour